prepreg (fiber-reinforced resin matrix composite prepreg) ke "semi{1}}finished core" ea -mofuta oa lisebelisoa tse ngata tse sebetsang, 'me boleng ba eona ba ho bopa bo laola ka ho toba thepa ea mochini, ho sebetsa hantle le ho tšepahala ha litšebeletso tsa likarolo tsa ho qetela. Har'a mekhoa e mengata ea ho bopa, mokhoa oa "autoclave" o fetohile "mokhoa oa benchmark" bakeng sa ho etsa{4}}karolo ea ts'ebetso e phahameng mafapheng a sefofane le lisebelisoa tse phahameng-ka lebaka la molemo o ikhethang oa "high{6}}temperature pressure synergy"{7}}ho tloha fuselage, satellite loading aircraft{8} carbon fibre chassis ea likoloi tsa mabelo, mokhoa oa autoclave o na le bokhoni ba ho qetela ba ho kopanya lisebelisuoa tse kopantsoeng le ho laola porosity, e hahile motheo o tiileng oa tekheniki bakeng sa ho sebelisa{9}lisebelisoa tse kopantsoeng tse phahameng.
Molao-motheo oa mantlha oa mokhoa oa autoclave ke ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa autoclave ho theha tikoloho e koetsoeng ea "mocheso o phahameng, khatello e phahameng le vacuum" ho khanna 'mele oa prepreg ho phethela phallo ea resin, ho kolobisa likhoele tse matlafatsang, ho qhelela moea o kahare mme qetellong o phekole ho bopa. Moko oa eona ke ho rarolla mathata a mararo a mantlha a ho bopa prepreg ka "tšebelisano ea masimo a mararo" (sebaka sa mocheso, sebaka sa khatello le sebaka sa vacuum):
1. Bothata ba ho kopanya li-interface:mocheso o phahameng o qhibilihisa matrix a resin ka prepreg ho fokotsa viscosity, 'me khatello e phahameng e sutumelletsa resin hore e kenelle ka hare ho sekoahelo sa fiber le lekhalo pakeng tsa likhoele ho etsa bonnete ba hore likhoele le resin li theha motsoako o haufi oa ho qoba liphoso tse kang "mabala a omileng" le "ho hloka sekhomaretsi;
2. Bothata ba ho laola porosity: pele ho bōptjoa, moea o ka 'meleng oa prepreg o qala-pumped ke vacuum system,' me khatello e phahameng nakong ea ho boptjoa e hatelloa hape 'me li-bubble tse setseng li lokolloe, e le hore porosity ea karolo ea ho qetela e ka laoloa ka tlase ho 0.5 (esita le ka tlase ho 0.1 lits'ebetsong tse ling tse phahameng{3});
3. Ho phekola bothata ba ho tšoana: autoclave e hlokomela taolo e nepahetseng ea mocheso (± 2 degree) ka ho potoloha moea o chesang, 'me e sebelisana le lenaneo la ho futhumatsa le gradient ho netefatsa pheko e lumellanang ea resin sebakeng se seng le se seng sa likarolo tse kholo kapa tse rarahaneng le ho fokotsa ho phatloha ho bakoang ke khatello ea kelello e setseng.
Sena "{0}}mohato o le mong" oa ho bopa o etsa hore e be oona feela mokhoa oa ho bopa o ka bang teng ka nako e le 'ngoe o ka fihlelang litlhokahalo tsa "matla a phahameng, khokahanyo e phahameng le ho nepahala ha maemo a holimo", haholo-holo bakeng sa{1}}litsamaiso tse phahameng tse kang Carbon Fiber Prepreg le ceramic{2}based prepreg ka holimo ho boemo ba T800.
boleng ba ho bopa ba mokhoa oa "autoclave" bo itšetlehile ka "ho tsamaisana hantle ha mekhahlelo eohle ea ts'ebetso", 'me ho nepahala ha ts'ebetso ea sehokelo ka seng ho ama ka kotloloho ts'ebetso ea karolo ea ho qetela, mme ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng e ka aroloa ka mehato e mehlano ea bohlokoa:
1. Prepreg cutting and layup: rala motheo oa ts'ebetso ea sebopeho
ply ke "sehokelo sa mohloli" se khethollang thepa ea mochini ea likarolo tse kopaneng. Tataiso ea fiber ply (0 degree, ± 45 degree, 90 degree, joalo-joalo) le palo ea likhato li lokela ho raloa ho latela litlhoko tsa khatello ea likarolo (tse kang ho otlolla, ho koba le ho kuta), ebe ho itšeha ho phahameng ka ho nepahetseng ha Prepreg (phoso ea boholo e ka tlase ho kapa e lekanang le ± 0.5mm) e lokela ho hlokomeloa ka mochine oa ho itšeha.
Ts'ebetso ea ho betla e tla etsoa ka kamoreng e hloekileng ea mocheso le mongobo (mocheso oa 20 ± 2 degree, mongobo 40% ± 5%) ho qoba tšilafalo ea lerōle kapa ho kenngoa ha mongobo oa resin ho amang bonding. "Manual layup + mechanical compaction" e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng nakong ea ho behoa: bakeng sa karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea prepreg, li-roller tsa rabara li sebelisetsoa ho thella haufi le tataiso ea fiber ho tlosa moea ho netefatsa hore ho na le kamano e haufi pakeng tsa lihlopha{6}}bakeng sa likarolo tsa sefofane{7}}, ho kheloha ha layup ho tla laoloa ka hare ho 0.2mm, ho seng joalo ka mor'a hore khatello ea kelello e be teng sebakeng seo.
2. Ho kenya mekotla le ho tiisa: Ho aha "sistimi ea ho itšehla thajana" e hatelletsoeng ka "vacuum"
bagging ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea mantlha ea mokhoa oa autoclave, oo sepheo sa ona e leng ho aha "vacuum"{0}}pumping, pressure{1}}transmitting" tikoloho e koetsoeng bakeng sa 'mele oa prepreg, lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang hangata li kenyelletsa lesela la tokollo, lesela le monyang, lesela le phefumolohang, filimi ea vacuum bag, joalo-joalo, karolo ka 'ngoe e na le ts'ebetso e hlakileng le synergy:
lesela la ho lokolla: bokaholimo ba prepreg bo khomaretsoe ho thibela resin hore e se ke ea khomarela hlobo le ho lumella hore resin e phalle;
ho monya lesela la sekhomaretsi (joalo ka alkali{0}mata ea fiber ea khalase e sa lefelloeng): monya resin e feteletseng e ntšitsoeng nakong ea ho folisa, le ho laola boteng ba motsoako (hangata bo nepahetse ho isa ho 2%);
lera le phefumolohang: Koahela bokaholimo ba lera la ho monya ho etsa mocha oa ho tsoa bakeng sa moea le resin e feteletseng ho netefatsa ho pompa ka katleho ha sistimi ea vacuum;
vacuum bag Film: nylon kapa filimi ea polyimide e nang le ho hanyetsa mocheso le khatello e phahameng ea khatello e sebelisetsoa ho arola sekheo ho tsoa lefats'eng le ka ntle, le ho tiisa ka bohale ba hlobo ka theipi e tiisang ho theha kamore e koetsoeng.
Ka mor'a ho kenya mokotla, "ho lemoha ho lutla ha vacuum" ho tla etsoa: ka mor'a metsotso e 30 ka mor'a ho koala pompo ea vacuum, tekanyo ea vacuum e ke ke ea theoha ka ho feta 1kPa, ho seng joalo, ho tla hlahlojoa liphoso tsa ho koala{2}}ho lutla ke sesosa sa mantlha sa porosity e feteletseng ea likarolo.
3. Hlobo le letho ka tanka: ho ikamahanya le lisebelisoa le boemo
hlobo e lokela ho etsoa ho ea ka sebopeho sa motsoako. Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo ke motsoako oa aluminium (mocheso o bohareng oa mocheso), motsoako oa Invar (mocheso o phahameng le ho bōptjoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng o phahameng, mocheso o tlaase oa ho atolosa mocheso) kapa hlobo e entsoeng ka carbon fiber (e bobebe, e loketseng libaka tse thata tse kobehileng). Beha sekoahelo se kentsoeng ka har'a autoclave hammoho le hlobo, 'me u lokise boemo ka sebopeho ho netefatsa hore sekheo ha se khelohe nakong ea ts'ebetso ea khatello.
Thepa ea autoclave e hloka ho kopana le taolo e nepahetseng ea liparamente tse tharo tsa "mocheso-khatello-vacuum": sebaka sa mocheso hangata ke mocheso oa kamore ho isa ho 400 degree, khatello e ka fihla ho 0.6-2.0MPa, vacuum℃e ka fokotsoa ho isa tlase ho 1kPa, 'me e na le ts'ebetso e latelang ea taolo ea khatello le ho kheloha ha lenaneo. mocheso).
4. Solidification molding: taolo ea mocheso oa gradient le synergy ea khatello
pholiso ke "mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho etsa lintho" phetohong ea Prepregs hore e be likarolo tse kopantsoeng, 'me "mocheso{0}}khatello-nako" ea "khatello" e lokela ho ntlafatsoa ho latela tsamaiso ea resin (e leng G. Epoxy resin, bismaleimide resin, polyimide resin), 'me mokhoa oa ho folisa ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa epregpoxy:
1. Ho futhumatsa le ho hloekisa: Ho futhumatsa ho fihlela ho 80-100℃(resin melting mocheso) ka tekanyo ea 2-5℃/ min, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang ho bulela pompo ea vacuum ho boloka vacuum, e le hore resin e qhibilihe ka ho feletseng le ho phalla,' me moea o pakeng tsa lihlopha o lokolloe;
2. Khatello le ho boloka mocheso: ha mocheso o fihla sebakeng sa gel sa resin (hoo e ka bang 100-120 degree), butle-butle kenya moea o hatelitsoeng kapa naetrojene ho hatella ho 0.4-0.8MPa, 'me lebelo la ho phahama ha khatello le laoloa ka hare ho 0.05MPa / min ho qoba tšusumetso 'meleng o se nang letho; Ebe u boloka mocheso o le mocheso o sa khaotseng bakeng sa lihora tse 2-4 ho netefatsa hore resin e kopantsoe ka ho feletseng le ho phekoloa;
3. Ho pholisa le ho imolla khatello: Ka mor'a hore ho phekoleha ho phethiloe, fola ho isa tlase ho 60℃ka sekhahla sa 1-3℃/min, 'me joale u tlose khatello le vacuum-raid cooling ho tla baka khatello e setseng pakeng tsa motsoako le hlobo ka lebaka la phapang ea katoloso ea mocheso, e leng bonolo ho baka ho phatloha kapa ho soahlamana.
Thempereichara le khatello ea curve li tla beoa leihlo ka nako ea sebele nakong eohle ea ho phekola. Haeba kheloha e feta ± 5℃kapa ± 0.05MPa, e tla lokisoa hang-hang, ho seng joalo ts'ebetso ea karolo e tla fetoha.
5. Ho theha le ho ngola{1}}kalafo: ho rema ka nepo le tlhahlobo ea boleng
ka mor'a hore mocheso oa motsoako o theohe mocheso oa kamore, bula filimi ea mokotla oa vacuum, tlosa lera le phefumolohang, lesela la ho monya le lesela la ho lokolla, 'me u phethe ho senya. Poso e latelang-e sebetsa: fokotsa ntlha ea karolo le ho phunya masoba (joaloka masoba a ho kenya) ka mochini oa ho sila oa CNC kapa grinder ho netefatsa ho nepahala ha boholo (mamello ho fihla ho ± 0.1mm); Bakeng sa likarolo tse nang le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa holim'a metsi (joalo ka letlalo la ka ntle la sefofane), phekolo ea holim'a metsi e kang ho bentša le ho penta hoa hlokahala.
Qetellong, "tlhahlobo e feletseng ea boleng" e etsoa: Ultrasonic C scanning e sebelisetsoa ho lemoha delamination e ka hare, li-pores le liphoso tse ling (0.1mm delamination e teteaneng e ka tsejoa); Thepa ea mochini e tla etsoa sampole ka liteko tsa tensile le ho kobeha (mohlala, matla a tensele a likaroloana tsa resin ea carbon fiber epoxy e tla ba kholo ho feta kapa e lekanang le 2000MPa); Tse tharo-Sesebediswa sa ho metha sa Coordinate se sebedisetswa ho netefatsa ho nepahala ha dimensional-index efe kapa efe e sa fihlelleng maemo e nkwa e le e sa tshwaneleheng mme e hloka ho sebetswa hape kapa ho lahlwa.
Taba ea boraro, molemo oa mantlha: Hobaneng u fetoha "mokhoa o ratoang" oa{0}}karolo e phahameng ea ts'ebetso"
ho se nkeloe sebaka ha mokhoa oa autoclave ho bakoa ke ntlafatso e feteletseng ea ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tse kopaneng, haholo litlhokahalo tse thata tsa-sesebediswa sa maemo a holimo, se nang le melemo e meraro ea mantlha:
1. Ts'ebetso e feteletseng ea likarolo
tikoloho e phahameng{{0}ea khatello e nolofalletsa ho kenella ha resin ka har'a likhoele ho fihlela "molecular-level bonding", 'me matla a ho kuta a sefahleho a ka eketsoa ho feta 40MPa (e fetang 15MPa ea ts'ebetso ea letsoho la letsoho); Porosity e laoloa ka tlase ho 0.5, e leng ho eketsang matla le ho koba modulus ea karolo ka 15% -30% ha e bapisoa le mekhoa e meng (e kang vacuum infusion). Ho nka T800 carbon fiber / epoxy resin prepreg e atisang ho sebelisoa tšimong ea sefofane e le mohlala, ka mor'a ho bopa ha autoclave, matla a ho tsitsa a karolo a ka fihla ho 2800MPa 'me modulus e kobehang e feta 180GPa, e ka finyellang litlhoko tsa mochine tsa sebopeho sa fuselage.
2. Ho theha mefuta e mengata ea ho ikamahanya le maemo
e ka ikamahanya le maemo a fapaneng a litlhoko ho tloha ho "likarolo tse nyane-tse nepahetseng ka boholo" ho isa "likarolo tse kholo-tse kholo tse rarahaneng": Carbon fiber e ts'ehetsa tse nyane joalo ka lisathelaete (ka boholo ba lisenthimithara tse seng kae) le liphanele tsa fuselage tse kholo joalo ka Airbus A350 (ho feta limithara tse 10 ka bolelele). Mokhoa oa autoclave o ka sebelisoa ho hlokomela ho bopa ka mokhoa oa ho etsa hlobo le ho lokisa paramethara. Bakeng sa likarolo tse rarahaneng tse nang le bokaholimo bo kobehileng, botenya bo fapaneng le ho kenya, ts'ebetso ea mekotla e ntlafalitsoe, e ka qoba mathata a kang "khaello ea sekhomaretsi" le "bubble aggregation", 'me ho theha tumellano ho molemo ho feta lits'ebetso tse ling.
3. Ho lumellana ho matla ha lintho
Hoo e ka bang mefuta eohle ea litsamaiso tsa prepreg li ka sebetsoa, ho kenyelletsa le li-reinforcements tse kang carbon fiber, fiber ea khalase, fiber ea basalt, le matrices a resin a kang epoxy, bismaleimide (BMI), polyimide (PI). Haholo-holo bakeng sa-li-resin tse folisang mocheso o phahameng (joaloka PI resin, mocheso o folisang o lokela ho ba ka holimo ho 300 degrees), sebaka se phahameng sa{3}}mocheso se nang le khatello e phahameng ea autoclave se ka etsa bonnete ba hore resin e folile ka ho feletseng 'me ka nako e ts'oanang e thibela ho hlaha ha li-bubble mocheso o phahameng, o ke keng oa finyelloa ka mokhoa o fokolang{4} ho bopa.
Ea bone, Liqholotso le Ntlafatso: likhatelopele tsa theknoloji tse lekanyang ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo
Leha ho na le melemo e mengata ea ts'ebetso, mokhoa oa autoclave o ntse o tobane le liphephetso tsa mantlha tsa "litšenyehelo tse phahameng le ts'ebetso e tlase": matsete a maholo ho lisebelisoa tsa autoclave (litšenyehelo tsa autoclave e kholo li feta li-yuan tse limilione tse 10), tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla (tšebeliso ea matla bakeng sa pheko e le 'ngoe ke likhato tse makholo a' maloa), le potoloho e telele ea ho bopa (lihora tse 8-24 bakeng sa karolo e le 'ngoe), e fokotsang ts'ebeliso ea eona tšimong. Bakeng sa ho rarolla bothata bona, indasteri e khothaletsa ntlafatso ea theknoloji ho tsoa likarolong tse tharo:
1. Ho nolofatsa ts'ebetso: fokotsa "lihokelo{1}} tseo e seng tsa bohlokoa"
Theknoloji ea "dry bagging" e ntlafalitsoe ho nkela sebaka sa setso-sebopeho sa "lesela la tokollo + sekhomaretsi sa ho monya + lesela le phefumolohang" ka lesela le kopaneng le phefumolohang, ka hona ho khutsufatsa nako ea mokotla ka 50%. U sebelisa "resin e folisang ka potlako", nako ea ho folisa ea epoxy resin e hatelloa ho tloha lihora tse 4 ho isa tlase ho hora e le 'ngoe,' me sekhahla sa ho boloka thepa ka mochini se fihla ho feta 90%, ka hona se ntlafatsa haholo katleho ea tlhahiso.
2. Ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa: bohlale le miniaturization ka ho tšoana
autoclave e kholo e ntlafatsoa ho "taolo e bohlale ea mocheso". Ka ho futhumatsa karohano le ts'ebetso ea ho potoloha ha moea o chesang, ho tšoana ha mocheso ka tanka ho eketseha ho isa ho 1 degree, ho fokotsa ho kheloha ha likarolo tsa ts'ebetso ea lehae. Bakeng sa likaroloana tse nepahetseng tsa komporo, -autoclave e nyane ea boemo bo holimo (e nang le molumo o ka tlase ho 1 cubic meter) e ea ntlafatsoa, 'me theko ea lisebelisoa e fokotsoe ka 80% le tšebeliso ea matla e fokotsehile ka 90%, e loketseng tlhahiso ea likaroloana tse nyane joalo ka likoloi tse sa sebetsoang le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse phahameng{{7}.
3. Mokhoa o mong oa ho kopanya: tharollo-ea theko e tlase bakeng sa "quasi-autoclave performance"
ho hlahisa "vacuum-assisted autoclave method", ka ho kopanya vacuum le khatello e tlase (0.2-0.4MPa), tlas'a motheo oa ho netefatsa porosity Ka tlase kapa ho lekana le 1%, ho fokotsa litlhoko tsa khatello ea thepa le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa thepa ka 30%; Bakeng sa likarolo tsa sechaba, mokhoa o kopantsoeng oa "molding + Post{6}}autoclave treatment" e amohetsoe, 'me li-bubble tse setseng li tlosoa ke khatello ea nakoana ea autoclave ka mor'a ho bōptjoa, litšenyehelo li fokotsehile ka 40% ha li bapisoa le mokhoa o hloekileng oa autoclave, ha o ntse o finyella litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea mochine.
Mokhoa oa autoclave o fetohile "boemo ba khauta" bakeng sa ho etsa{0}lisebelisoa tse kopaneng tsa tšebetso e phahameng ka taolo ea eona e feteletseng holim'a boleng ba ho bopa esale pele, e tšehetsang tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji sebakeng sa sefofane,{1}}lisebelisoa tse phahameng le mafapha a mang. Leha ho na le liqholotso tsa litšenyehelo le bokhabane, boemo ba eona ba "high{3}}Performance Foundation" ho thata ho nkeloa sebaka ka nako e khuts'oane. Nakong e tlang, ka kopanyo ea ntlafatso ea lisebelisoa tse bohlale, ho nolofatsa tšebetso le mefuta e meng-ea theko e tlase, mokhoa oa autoclave o tla tsoelapele ho fetoha ho ea ho "ts'ebetso e tiisitsoeng sebakeng se phahameng-le phokotso ea litšenyehelo bohareng{7}}ka sebaka sa ho qetela". E ke ke ea matlafatsa feela maemo a mantlha a ts'ebetso mafapheng a mantlha a kang sefofane, empa hape e tla kenella butle-butle libakeng tsa sechaba joalo ka makoloi a macha a matla le -motlakase oa moea o phahameng, 'me e be eona tsela e ka sehloohong ea ts'ehetso bakeng sa{10}}tšebeliso e kholo ea{11}}ea lisebelisoa tse kopantseng tšebetso e phahameng.
